When randomly prompted over time, we assumed distinct patterns of association would emerge between BD symptoms and partner mood. We set out to demonstrate the utility of ecological momentary assessment with BD couples measured using yoked smartphone apps. This requires in vivo data collection measured each day over several months. The effects on those with BD is well described, less so the impact on cohabiting partners, and any interactions between the two. The World Health Organization ranks bipolar disorder as the 7th leading cause of disability. This includes data collection over extended periods to populate online self-care and care-management tools intended to foster symptom awareness and health enhancing behaviors. Discussion Beyond its initial development for our BADAS (Bipolar Affective Disorder and older Adults) Study, there is an array of research and clinical applications for this EMS-Tool. Results All questionnaire responses submitted via our app were recorded with near perfect reliability when responses were immediately transmitted and when temporarily stored by the device until back in 4G LTE or WiFi range. They were also asked to complete identical printed-page versions and indicate their location. In a pilot study, participants were prompted to complete am and pm versions of our brief EMS questionnaire over two weeks. Methods We outline three non-linear (iterative) main activities of the development process: (i) requirements elicitation and analysis, (ii) high-level and detailed design, and (iii) implementation and testing. We also measure global positioning system (GPS) data every six minutes. Voluntary EMS questionnaires can also be submitted outside of these 30-minute windows. Up to three prompts are received twice daily at Time 1, 20 min, and 25 min after Time 1 if no questionnaire is submitted.
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Participants are randomly prompted within self-specified windows of general availability and asked about important events of that day, medication adherence, sleep quality, and symptom levels at that moment.
Purpose In this report, we describe the development of an Ecological Momentary Sampling (EMS) application (app) for smart devices (EMS-Tool) to collect movement and mental health information from older adults with bipolar disorder.
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